The dialectic in the article research is the presentation of Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī Ṣūfī semantics in (Waḥdat al-Wujūd), which forms the core of the dispute between conservatives (Ahl al-Hadith) and Ṣūfī. The statement of the Dialectic directs the render to the importance of the topic, places the issue in a specific context, and specifies relevant criteria, providing the necessary framework for reporting the expected results. The idea of the Waḥdat al-Wujūd did not appear in a complete and consistent theoretical form before Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī, some trends though appeared towards this theory from time to time in the sayings of the Sufis who preceded him. Ibn ʻArabī's doctrine of the Waḥdat al-Wujūd is summarized in his denial of the world of appearance and does not recognize the real existence except for God's Creation as a show of true existence. So, according to Ibn ʻArabī, there is only God, and through his doctrine of Waḥdat al-Wujūd, lies Ibn ʻArabī’s understanding of the interdependent relationship between God, the world, and Al-Insān. This research discusses the dialectic of this doctrine through sources and texts that have been misjudged. So, this research article will follow the methodology of analyzing the Sufi texts of Ibn ʻArabī, many subjects by Ibn ʻArabī were discussed. Still, the research will concentrate on (Waḥdat al-Wujūd), because his experience with this subject had a clear influence on the philosophical thought in the whole world and the research deals with Ibn ʻArabī’s doctrine of (Waḥdat al-Wujūd) which means the solitude of existence and the difference between it and the doctrines of Solutions and Union, Through 6 basic elements as follows: The name of the Waḥdat al-Wujūd: (The perfection in the Ṣūfī concept of (Waḥdat al-Wujūd) According to Ibn ʻArabī, "There’s nonexistence but Allah") Then The Dialectic of Ibn Arabi: (The language of Ibn ʻArabī) - (Similarities in Ibn ʻArabī’sbi speech) Then Ibn ʻArabī and symbolic thought Then Texts Ibn ʻArabī's literature on Waḥdat ai-Wujūd Then The Insān al-kāmil and Woman in Ibn ʻArabī’s thought Then after that Results and Discussions that the study reached from the previous elements.
Published in | International Journal of Education, Culture and Society (Volume 9, Issue 5) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ijecs.20240905.12 |
Page(s) | 227-237 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Ibn ʻArabī, Waḥdat al-Wujūd, Ṣūfī, Insān al-kāmil
[1] | Majmaʻ al-lughah al-ʻArabīyah: (1985M) al-Muʻjam al-Wasīṭ (Arabic Language Academy: Intermediate Dictionary), Cairo, (3rd ed), (part. 2 /p. 1058 - 1059). |
[2] | Suʻād al-Ḥakīm: (1981M) al-Muʻjam al-P. ūfī al-Ḥikmah fī ḥudūd al-Kalimah (The Sufi Dictionary Wisdom in the Limits of the Word), DanOrganizationah lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr, 1st ed., Lebanon, P. 1130-1153. |
[3] | Abu Hamid Al-Ghazzālī: (2005M) Iḥyāʼ ʻulūm al-Dīn (Revival of the Religious Sciences) Published by: Ibn Ḥazm, Beirut – Lebanon, p 894. |
[4] | Ibn Taymīyah: (ND), Majmoua Al-Rasael Wa Al-Masael (Messages and questions collection), commented by: Mohamed Rashed Reda, published by by Lajna Al-Turath Al-Arabi. Part 1 p. 68. |
[5] | Umi Sumbulah, Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang: (2016M) Ibn ‘Arabi’s thought on what al wujid and Its Connection to Religious Diversity, Journal of Islamic Studies Published by Islamic Institute Mataram, p. 54 – 56. |
[6] |
Islam. A forged Hadeeth stating that Allaah was a hidden treasure. Available from:
https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/14995/a-forged-hadeeth-stating-that-allaah-was-a-hidden-treasure |
[7] | William C. Chittick, Imaginal Worlds: (1994M) Ibn ʻArabī and the Problem of Religious Diversity, Albany: State University of New York Press, p32. |
[8] | Aḥmad ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz al-Qap.īr: (2003M) ʻaqīdat al-P.ūfīyah wa-waḥdat al-wujūd al-khafīyah (Sufi Doctrine and the Hidden Unity of Being), Published by: Al Rashd Library al-Rushd – Nāshirūn (Published byers), 1st ed, Riyadh - Saudi Arabia, P. 65 - 156. |
[9] | Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī: (1948M) Rasāʼil Ibn ʻArabī, (Ibn Arabi’s Letters), Ottoman Encyclopedia Society Press, HaiOrganization Ibad Deccan, 1st ed., Question No. 43, p. 29. |
[10] | Harun Hadiwijono: (1983M) Sari Sejarah Filsafat Barat I (Yogyakarta, Kanisius, p28. |
[11] | Muḥammad Ibrāhīm al-Fayyūmī: (1997M) al-Shaykh al-akbar Ibn ʻArabī p. āḥib al-Futūḥāt al-Makkīyah (The Greatest Sheikh Ibn Arabi, the author of Al-Futuhat Al-Makkiyya), Published by: Beirut - Lebanon, p. 8 - 62. |
[12] | Ṭāhā ʻAbd al-Bāqī Surūr: (ND) Muḥyī al-Dīn ibn ʻArabī, Published by: Hindawi for Education and Culture, Cairo, p. 131. |
[13] | Naẓlah Aḥmad Nāʼil al-Jubūrī: (2009M) Falsafat Waḥdat al-wujūd up. ūluhā wftrthā al-Islāmīyah (The Philosophy of Unity of Being, Its Origins and Islamic Period), published by: Al-Masraf, Bahrain, P. 197. |
[14] | Ibn ʻArabī: (ND) al-Futūḥāt al-Makkīyah (Meccan Conquests), Investigation / Aḥmad Shams al-Dīn, Manshūrāt: Muḥammad ʻAlī Bayḍūn, published by: Scientific Books, Beirut, Lebanon, 3rd part, P. 174- 435. |
[15] | Ibn ʻArabī: (ND) Fuṣūṣ al-ḥukm (The gems of wisdom), Investigation: Abu al-Ala Afifi – Published by: Al-Kitab al-Arabi – Beirut, Lebanon, Part1, P. 9 – 217. |
[16] | Asīn blāsyws: (1965M) Ibn ʻArabī ḥayātuhu wa-madhhabuhu, tarjamat (Ibn Arabi, his life and doctrine), translated by Dr. Abdul Rahman Badawi, Published by: Angelo Doctrinal Library, Cairo, pp. 6-8. |
[17] | Ibn ʻArabī: (1988M) alʼsrā ilá al-maqām al-Asrá “Kitāb al-Miʻrāj” (The Night Journey to the Station of the Night Journey “The Book of Ascension”), Investigation by: Suad Al-Hakim, Published by: DanOrganizationa for Medicine and Publishing, p. 15. |
[18] | Al-Muqrī al-Tilimsānī: (ND) Nafḥ al-Ṭayyib min Ghup. n al-Andalus al-raṭīb (The fragrant scent of the humid Andalusian era), Investigation: Iḥsān ʻAbbās, Published by: P.ādir, p. 168. |
[19] | ʻAbd al-Qādir Maḥmūd: (1966M) al-falsafah al-P.ūfīyah fī al-Islām map.ādiruhā wa-naẓarīyātihā wa-makānihā min al-Dīn wa-al-ḥayāh, (Sufi Philosophy in Islam: Its Sources, Theories, and Place in Religion and Life), published by: Arab Thought Organization, Cairo, p. 109. |
[20] | Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zayd: (1983M) Falsafat al-taʼwīl fī Taʼwīl al-Qurʼān ʻinda Muḥyī al-Dīn ibn ʻArabī, (The Philosophy of Interpretation in the Interpretation of the Qur’an by Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi), published by: Organization Al-Wahda, Beirut, 1983 AD, p. 38 -46. |
[21] | Abū al-ʻUlā ʻAfīfī: (2009M) al-falsafah al-P.ūfīyah ʻinda Muḥyī al-Dīn ibn ʻArabī (The Sufi Philosophers of Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi), published by: The National Center for Translation, p. 21. 73. |
[22] | Al-Shaʻrānī: al-yawāqīt wa-al-jawāhir (Ruby and gem), p. 7. |
[23] |
Naseem Al-Sham. The Martyr Scholar Muhammad Saeed Ramadan Al-Bouti. Available from:
https://naseemalsham.com/persons/muhammad_said_ramadan_al_bouti/fatwas/view/2017 |
[24] | Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zayd: (2002M) Hākadhā takallama Ibn ʻArabī (Thus Spoke ibn Arabi), published by: General Authority of Dar Al-Kitab, p. 24. 134. |
[25] | ʻAbd al-Ḥaqq Ibn sabʻīn: (1428H = 2007M) Anwār al-Nabī P. aly Allāh ʻalayhi wa-sallam, asrārhā wa-anwāʻhā, (The Lights of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, their secrets and types), Library of Al-Fuqaha’i School, p45. |
[26] | Abī Nasr al-Sarrāj al-Ṭūsī: (1960M) Al-Lumaʻ fī Taṣawwuf (Shine in Sufism), investigation: and graduation: Dr. Abdul Halim Mahmoud, published: Modern Books Authority, pp. 47 - 77. |
[27] | Ibn ʻArabī: (1954M) ʻAnqāʼ Maghrib fī khatm al-awliyāʼ wishes al-Maghrib (Phoenix of the West in the Seal of the Saints and the Sun of the West), Investigation: Abdul-Baqi Ahmed Miftah, p. 38. |
[28] | Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī (Authentic Hadiths by Bukhari): (1422H) Sahih Al-Bukhari: (1422H) Hadith No. (6502), Investigation: Muhammad Zuhair bin Nabir Al-Nabir, Published by: Tawq Al-Najah, 1st ed. - Section 8, p. 105. |
[29] | Titus Burckhardt: (1976M) An Introduction to Sufi Doctrine, England: Thorsons, p 28 -29. |
[30] | Idries Shah, Mahkota Sufi: (2000M) Menembus Dunia Ekstra Dimensi, Translated by M. Hidayatullah and Roudlon (Surabaya: Risalah Gusti), p 192-193. |
[31] | Sawai Makoto: (2017M) Ibn Arabi on the perfect Man (al- insan al- kamil) as spiritual Authority: Caliph, Imam, and Saint, the Bridge of clusters: potentiality of Sufism, Kenan Rifai Center for Sufi studies, Kyoto University, p. 50-52. |
[32] | ʻAbd al-Ghanī ibn Ismāʻīl al-Nābulusī: Sharḥ Jawāhir al-nuṣūṣ fī ḥall Kalimāt al-fuṣūṣ (Explanation of the Jewels of Texts in Solving the Words of the Fusus), Investigation: Issam Ibrahim Al-Kayali, published by: Scientific Books Authority, part 1, P. 7 – 23. |
[33] | Raan Davids, Yusef Waghid: (2019M) Ibn al-Arabi’s Idea of Al-insan Al-kamil (the Perfect Human) and Democratic Education; Chapter1, p70 – 74. |
[34] | Patricia Crone, Martin Heinds: (2017M): God's Caliph, the religious authority in the first Islamic Ages, translated by: Ahmed Talat, revised by: Eman Abdulghany Nagm, Organization Josoor for publication and translation, Beirut- Lebanon, p. 57. |
[35] | Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawzīyah: (ND) Madārij al-sālikīn fī Manāzil al-sāʼilīn (The Stages of the Wayfarers in the Homes of the Arrived), published by: The Knowledge Tenders Authority, Riyadh - Saudi Arabia, Vol. 2, p. 46. |
[36] | Asīn Balāthiyūs: (ND) Ibn ʻArabī ḥayātuhu wa-madhhabat (Ibn Arabi his life and doctrines), p. 161. |
[37] | Sāʻid Khamīsī: (2010M) Ibn ʻArabī al-musāfir al-ʻĀʼid (Ibn Arabi, The Returning Traveler (, published by: Arab Science Publishers, 1st ed, p. 204. |
[38] | Ibn ʻArabī: (1988M) Tanbīhāt ʻAlī ʻulūm alḥqyqh wālmḥmdyh al-ʻĀliyah (Warnings on the Sciences of Truth and the High Muhammadanism), Investigation and commentary by Abdul Rahman Hassan Mahmoud, p. 41. |
[39] | Al-Ṣādiq ʻAwaḍ Bashīr: (2014M) Sirrah qūwat al-marʼah ʻinda Ibn ʻArabī (The secret of women's strength according to Ibn Arabi), Published by: Arab Organization for Science and Technology, Beirut, Lebanon, pp. 31-39. |
[40] | Ṭālib Jāsim al-ʻAnzī: (2012M) Waḥdat al-wujūd ʻinda Ibn ʻArabī min manẓūr astshrāqy (The unity of being in Ibn Arabi from an oriental perspective), ed. 27, p. 422. |
[41] | Nuzhat rāḍh: (2008M) al-unūthah fī fikr Ibn (ʻArabī, Phenomena in the Thought of ibn Arabi), published by: Al-Saqi Authority, Beirut, Lebanon, p. 144 – 154. |
APA Style
Elnakep, M., Musarra, A., Elgeidi, S., Branca, P. (2024). The Ṣūfī Semantics of (Waḥdat al-Wujūd) to Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī. International Journal of Education, Culture and Society, 9(5), 227-237. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijecs.20240905.12
ACS Style
Elnakep, M.; Musarra, A.; Elgeidi, S.; Branca, P. The Ṣūfī Semantics of (Waḥdat al-Wujūd) to Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī. Int. J. Educ. Cult. Soc. 2024, 9(5), 227-237. doi: 10.11648/j.ijecs.20240905.12
AMA Style
Elnakep M, Musarra A, Elgeidi S, Branca P. The Ṣūfī Semantics of (Waḥdat al-Wujūd) to Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī. Int J Educ Cult Soc. 2024;9(5):227-237. doi: 10.11648/j.ijecs.20240905.12
@article{10.11648/j.ijecs.20240905.12, author = {Mohamed Elnakep and Antonio Musarra and Shalabi Elgeidi and Paolo Branca}, title = {The Ṣūfī Semantics of (Waḥdat al-Wujūd) to Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī }, journal = {International Journal of Education, Culture and Society}, volume = {9}, number = {5}, pages = {227-237}, doi = {10.11648/j.ijecs.20240905.12}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijecs.20240905.12}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijecs.20240905.12}, abstract = {The dialectic in the article research is the presentation of Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī Ṣūfī semantics in (Waḥdat al-Wujūd), which forms the core of the dispute between conservatives (Ahl al-Hadith) and Ṣūfī. The statement of the Dialectic directs the render to the importance of the topic, places the issue in a specific context, and specifies relevant criteria, providing the necessary framework for reporting the expected results. The idea of the Waḥdat al-Wujūd did not appear in a complete and consistent theoretical form before Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī, some trends though appeared towards this theory from time to time in the sayings of the Sufis who preceded him. Ibn ʻArabī's doctrine of the Waḥdat al-Wujūd is summarized in his denial of the world of appearance and does not recognize the real existence except for God's Creation as a show of true existence. So, according to Ibn ʻArabī, there is only God, and through his doctrine of Waḥdat al-Wujūd, lies Ibn ʻArabī’s understanding of the interdependent relationship between God, the world, and Al-Insān. This research discusses the dialectic of this doctrine through sources and texts that have been misjudged. So, this research article will follow the methodology of analyzing the Sufi texts of Ibn ʻArabī, many subjects by Ibn ʻArabī were discussed. Still, the research will concentrate on (Waḥdat al-Wujūd), because his experience with this subject had a clear influence on the philosophical thought in the whole world and the research deals with Ibn ʻArabī’s doctrine of (Waḥdat al-Wujūd) which means the solitude of existence and the difference between it and the doctrines of Solutions and Union, Through 6 basic elements as follows: The name of the Waḥdat al-Wujūd: (The perfection in the Ṣūfī concept of (Waḥdat al-Wujūd) According to Ibn ʻArabī, "There’s nonexistence but Allah") Then The Dialectic of Ibn Arabi: (The language of Ibn ʻArabī) - (Similarities in Ibn ʻArabī’sbi speech) Then Ibn ʻArabī and symbolic thought Then Texts Ibn ʻArabī's literature on Waḥdat ai-Wujūd Then The Insān al-kāmil and Woman in Ibn ʻArabī’s thought Then after that Results and Discussions that the study reached from the previous elements. }, year = {2024} }
TY - JOUR T1 - The Ṣūfī Semantics of (Waḥdat al-Wujūd) to Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī AU - Mohamed Elnakep AU - Antonio Musarra AU - Shalabi Elgeidi AU - Paolo Branca Y1 - 2024/09/20 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijecs.20240905.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ijecs.20240905.12 T2 - International Journal of Education, Culture and Society JF - International Journal of Education, Culture and Society JO - International Journal of Education, Culture and Society SP - 227 EP - 237 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-3363 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijecs.20240905.12 AB - The dialectic in the article research is the presentation of Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī Ṣūfī semantics in (Waḥdat al-Wujūd), which forms the core of the dispute between conservatives (Ahl al-Hadith) and Ṣūfī. The statement of the Dialectic directs the render to the importance of the topic, places the issue in a specific context, and specifies relevant criteria, providing the necessary framework for reporting the expected results. The idea of the Waḥdat al-Wujūd did not appear in a complete and consistent theoretical form before Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī, some trends though appeared towards this theory from time to time in the sayings of the Sufis who preceded him. Ibn ʻArabī's doctrine of the Waḥdat al-Wujūd is summarized in his denial of the world of appearance and does not recognize the real existence except for God's Creation as a show of true existence. So, according to Ibn ʻArabī, there is only God, and through his doctrine of Waḥdat al-Wujūd, lies Ibn ʻArabī’s understanding of the interdependent relationship between God, the world, and Al-Insān. This research discusses the dialectic of this doctrine through sources and texts that have been misjudged. So, this research article will follow the methodology of analyzing the Sufi texts of Ibn ʻArabī, many subjects by Ibn ʻArabī were discussed. Still, the research will concentrate on (Waḥdat al-Wujūd), because his experience with this subject had a clear influence on the philosophical thought in the whole world and the research deals with Ibn ʻArabī’s doctrine of (Waḥdat al-Wujūd) which means the solitude of existence and the difference between it and the doctrines of Solutions and Union, Through 6 basic elements as follows: The name of the Waḥdat al-Wujūd: (The perfection in the Ṣūfī concept of (Waḥdat al-Wujūd) According to Ibn ʻArabī, "There’s nonexistence but Allah") Then The Dialectic of Ibn Arabi: (The language of Ibn ʻArabī) - (Similarities in Ibn ʻArabī’sbi speech) Then Ibn ʻArabī and symbolic thought Then Texts Ibn ʻArabī's literature on Waḥdat ai-Wujūd Then The Insān al-kāmil and Woman in Ibn ʻArabī’s thought Then after that Results and Discussions that the study reached from the previous elements. VL - 9 IS - 5 ER -